Logic: Logical fallacies (1)

Logic fallacies these are common ways humans are not logical. Sometime on purpose but most of the time it is because our desire to be right or desire for something to be true clouds us. There are for large categories of logical fallacies. (1) Statistical Fallacies (2) Avoiding the Question (3 )Making Assumptions (4) Propaganda. I will try to find some examples for clarity.
Statistical Fallacies

1. Hasty Generalization: Where someone generalizes about a class or group based upon a small and poor sample.

• All plumbers are brilliant. I know a plumber who can calculate Pi to the 289,954th digit.
• “Women from Georgia talk fast. I was just on the phone with one and he sure talked fast.”

2. Weak Analogy: Where someone claims that some items which have only a few minor similarities are practically the same in almost everything else.

• A cloud is 75% water. A watermelon is 75% water. Since a plane can fly through a cloud, therefore a plane can fly through a watermelon.

3. Post-hoc-ergo-propter-hoc (I love to say this one): Where someone assumes that since A happened before B, A must have caused B.

• Our rooster crows every morning. Then the sun comes up. Now do you understand how important roosters are?

 4. Proof-by-lack-of-evidence: Where someone claims something is true simply because nobody has yet given them any evidence to the contrary.

• No evidence has been found that life does not exist on other planets. Therefore, we are not alone in the universe.